日本語の一覧がなくて把握に時間かかった、というかさらっと探したかったので部分的に訳した。
対象としては、Android APIのActivityにあるon~~()というメソッド。
イベント一覧と言っていいのかは微妙だけどまぁいいやという感じで書きました。
なんだか眠れなくて勢いで書いてあるので後日修正すると思います。

void onActionModeFinished(ActionMode mode)
Notifies the activity that an action mode has finished.
ActionModeが終了したときのイベント
void onActionModeStarted(ActionMode mode)
Notifies the Activity that an action mode has been started.
ActionModeが開始したときのイベント
void onAttachFragment(Fragment fragment)
Called when a Fragment is being attached to this activity, immediately after the call to its Fragment.onAttach() method and before Fragment.onCreate().
フラグメントがアタッチされた時のイベントで、Fragment.onAttach()が呼ばれた直後に呼ばれ、Fragment.onCreate()よりも先に呼ばれる。
void onAttachedToWindow()
Called when the main window associated with the activity has been attached to the window manager.
このActivityと関連付けられたウィンドウマネージャが起動したときに呼ばれる。
void onBackPressed()
Called when the activity has detected the user's press of the back key.
バックキーが押された時に呼ばれる。
void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
Called by the system when the device configuration changes while your activity is running.
Activity起動中にシステム設定が代わった時に呼ばれる。
void onContentChanged()
This hook is called whenever the content view of the screen changes (due to a call to Window.setContentView or Window.addContentView).
ContentViewに変化があった際に呼ばれる。
boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item)
This hook is called whenever an item in a context menu is selected.
コンテキストメニューの項目が選択された際に呼ばれる。
void onContextMenuClosed(Menu menu)
This hook is called whenever the context menu is being closed (either by the user canceling the menu with the back/menu button, or when an item is selected).
コンテキストメニューが閉じる際に呼ばれるイベント。
void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo)
Called when a context menu for the view is about to be shown.
コンテキストメニュー開始時に呼ばれるイベント。
CharSequence onCreateDescription()
Generate a new description for this activity.
Desctiptionが生成された時に呼ばれるイベント。
void onCreateNavigateUpTaskStack(TaskStackBuilder builder)
Define the synthetic task stack that will be generated during Up navigation from a different task.
保留。
boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
Initialize the contents of the Activity's standard options menu.
Activityの設定メニューが初期化される際に呼ばれる。
boolean onCreatePanelMenu(int featureId, Menu menu)
Default implementation of onCreatePanelMenu(int, Menu) for activities.
onCreatePanelMenu()の標準実装。
View onCreatePanelView(int featureId)
Default implementation of onCreatePanelView(int) for activities.
onCreatePanelViewの標準実装。
boolean onCreateThumbnail(Bitmap outBitmap, Canvas canvas)
Generate a new thumbnail for this activity.
サムネイルを表示するときに呼ばれる。
View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
Standard implementation of onCreateView(View, String, Context, AttributeSet) used when inflating with the LayoutInflater returned by getSystemService(String).
保留。
View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
Standard implementation of onCreateView(String, Context, AttributeSet) used when inflating with the LayoutInflater returned by getSystemService(String).
保留。
void onDetachedFromWindow()
Called when the main window associated with the activity has been detached from the window manager.
保留。
boolean onGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event)
Called when a generic motion event was not handled by any of the views inside of the activity.
一般的な動作(タッチパッド、ジョイスティック、ゲームパッド、マウス、トラックボールなど)のイベントがほかのViewで処理されなかったときに呼ばれる。
boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event)
Called when a key was pressed down and not handled by any of the views inside of the activity.
キーが押された時に発生するイベント。
boolean onKeyLongPress(int keyCode, KeyEvent event)
Default implementation of KeyEvent.Callback.onKeyLongPress(): always returns false (doesn't handle the event).
キー長押し時に発生。
boolean onKeyMultiple(int keyCode, int repeatCount, KeyEvent event)
Default implementation of KeyEvent.Callback.onKeyMultiple(): always returns false (doesn't handle the event).
複数キーが押されているときに呼ばれる。
boolean onKeyShortcut(int keyCode, KeyEvent event)
Called when a key shortcut event is not handled by any of the views in the Activity.
保留。
boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event)
Called when a key was released and not handled by any of the views inside of the activity.
キーが離された時に呼ばれる。
void onLowMemory()
This is called when the overall system is running low on memory, and would like actively running process to try to tighten their belt.
メモリが少なくなったときに呼ばれる。
boolean onMenuItemSelected(int featureId, MenuItem item)
Default implementation of onMenuItemSelected(int, MenuItem) for activities.
メニューの項目が選択された時に呼ばれる。
boolean onMenuOpened(int featureId, Menu menu)
Called when a panel's menu is opened by the user.
boolean onNavigateUp()
This method is called whenever the user chooses to navigate Up within your application's activity hierarchy from the action bar.
boolean onNavigateUpFromChild(Activity child)
This is called when a child activity of this one attempts to navigate up.
boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
This hook is called whenever an item in your options menu is selected.
void onOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu)
This hook is called whenever the options menu is being closed (either by the user canceling the menu with the back/menu button, or when an item is selected).
保留。
void onPanelClosed(int featureId, Menu menu)
Default implementation of onPanelClosed(int, Menu) for activities.
保留。
void onPrepareNavigateUpTaskStack(TaskStackBuilder builder)
Prepare the synthetic task stack that will be generated during Up navigation from a different task.
保留。
boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
Prepare the Screen's standard options menu to be displayed.
保留。
boolean onPreparePanel(int featureId, View view, Menu menu)
Default implementation of onPreparePanel(int, View, Menu) for activities.
保留。
Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance()
This method was deprecated in API level 13. Use the new Fragment API setRetainInstance(boolean) instead; this is also available on older platforms through the Android compatibility package.
最近のでは非推奨のメソッド。代わりにsetRetainInstance(boolean)を利用してね。
boolean onSearchRequested()
This hook is called when the user signals the desire to start a search.
検索要求時に呼ばれる。
boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)
Called when a touch screen event was not handled by any of the views under it.
Activity内のViewでタッチイベントが処理されなかったときに呼ばれるイベント。
boolean onTrackballEvent(MotionEvent event)
Called when the trackball was moved and not handled by any of the views inside of the activity.
Activity内のViewでトラックボール移動時のイベントが処理されなかったときに呼ばれる。
void onTrimMemory(int level)
Called when the operating system has determined that it is a good time for a process to trim unneeded memory from its process.
OSがメモリを空けようとする際に呼ばれるイベント。死の宣告?
void onUserInteraction()
Called whenever a key, touch, or trackball event is dispatched to the activity.
キー、タッチ、トラックボールの入力があると呼ばれる。
void onWindowAttributesChanged(WindowManager.LayoutParams params)
This is called whenever the current window attributes change.
保留。
void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus)
Called when the current Window of the activity gains or loses focus.
保留。
ActionMode onWindowStartingActionMode(ActionMode.Callback callback)
Give the Activity a chance to control the UI for an action mode requested by the system.
保留。